Candlestick Point
Candlestick Point is a coastal peninsula in the southeastern portion of San Francisco, California, jutting into San Francisco Bay. Named for its resemblance to a candlestick holder, the point has served as a significant landmark and recreational destination for more than 150 years. The area is best known as the former home of Candlestick Park (also called "The Stick"), which housed the San Francisco Giants baseball team from 1960 to 2000 and the San Francisco 49ers football team from 1971 through their final game there on December 23, 2013. Beyond its association with professional sports, Candlestick Point encompasses recreational areas, natural habitat, and one of San Francisco's largest ongoing waterfront redevelopment projects. The point sits between Yosemite Slough to the north and India Basin to the south, offering views across the bay toward the East Bay hills.[1]
History
Indigenous and early settlement history
Candlestick Point's history extends back thousands of years to the Ramaytush Ohlone, the indigenous people of the San Francisco Peninsula, who inhabited the Bay Area long before European contact. The Ramaytush were the southernmost group of the Ohlone-speaking peoples and occupied the land from the Golden Gate south through the peninsula, relying on the bay's tidal zones for shellfish, waterfowl, and fish. Shell mounds left by Ohlone communities are documented along multiple points of San Francisco Bay's western shoreline, representing centuries of sustained occupation.[2] The peninsula's rocky formation and natural harbor made it a recognizable feature of the bay's southern shoreline. Spanish colonization beginning in the late eighteenth century, the establishment of Mission Dolores in 1776, and subsequent Mexican rancho land grants dramatically reduced Ohlone populations and displaced surviving communities from their traditional territories throughout the peninsula. By the American period following the Mexican-American War, the Ramaytush presence at the bay's southeastern shoreline had been largely erased through displacement, disease, and forced labor under the mission system.[3]
During the nineteenth century, the area remained largely undeveloped, serving primarily as a mooring location for vessels navigating the bay. The name "Candlestick Point" became established in local usage, though its precise origin remains disputed among historians. The most widely cited explanation references the pointed, candlestick-like configuration of the rocky outcropping visible from the water.
Candlestick Park era (1960-2013)
The twentieth century brought dramatic transformation to the point. In 1960, Candlestick Park opened as the new home of the San Francisco Giants, who had relocated from New York City in 1958. Designed by architect John Bolles, the ballpark was the first major sports facility built on the San Francisco waterfront in decades, requiring substantial landfill and grading of the surrounding area. The stadium had a seating capacity of approximately 42,500 at opening, later expanded to roughly 62,000 after enclosure in 1971.
The park became famous for its wind. On July 11, 1961, Candlestick hosted the first of that year's two MLB All-Star Games. The league held two games per year from 1959 to 1962, and this particular one produced one of baseball's most retold weather incidents. In the ninth inning, a gust off the bay caused San Francisco Giants pitcher Stu Miller to sway on the mound mid-delivery, resulting in a balk. Contemporary accounts from 1961 press coverage describe the incident as a stagger or sway rather than a full displacement from the rubber, though popular retellings have exaggerated the event over the decades.[4] The wind problem was never fully solved, and players and fans long complained about conditions that made afternoon and evening games miserable by the late innings.
The stadium's exposure to wind traces directly to geography. A gap in San Francisco's coastal hills allows prevailing westerly winds off the Pacific to accelerate as they funnel through the terrain and across the open water of the bay, converging at Candlestick Point with particular force during afternoon hours. That's the same mechanism that produces the city's characteristic afternoon fog and wind citywide, but the point's exposed bayfront position makes the effect especially pronounced.
In 1971, the San Francisco 49ers began sharing the stadium, and the same year the facility was enclosed and expanded to increase capacity. Candlestick Park hosted numerous historic events over its decades of operation, including five National Football Conference Championship Games. The stadium's most dramatic moment came during the 1989 World Series between the Giants and the Oakland Athletics. Minutes before Game 3 was set to begin on October 17, 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake struck the Bay Area, measuring 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale. The quake caused the upper deck to sway visibly and cut power to the stadium while an estimated 60,000 fans were in their seats. The Series was delayed ten days while the region assessed damage; the earthquake killed 63 people and caused billions of dollars in destruction across the Bay Area.[5]
By the late 1990s, the aging facility faced mounting criticism over its structural condition and fan experience. The Giants relocated to a new downtown waterfront ballpark, Pacific Bell Park, now Oracle Park, when it opened in 2000. The 49ers remained at Candlestick for more than a decade after the Giants' departure, playing their final game there on December 23, 2013, a 34-24 loss to the Atlanta Falcons, before moving to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara for the 2014 NFL season.[6]
Demolition and aftermath
Candlestick Park stood vacant for roughly two years after the 49ers' departure. Demolition began in 2014 and was completed in 2015, ending fifty-five years of the stadium's presence on the bay. The implosion and removal of the structure was carried out in phases, with the playing field and lower bowl addressed separately from the upper deck sections. The site was cleared in anticipation of a large-scale mixed-use redevelopment that had been in planning for years but has since faced repeated delays.[7]
Gone. But not replaced. As of 2025, the former stadium footprint remains largely undeveloped, a cleared expanse that community members and transit advocates have noted in ongoing public discussions about the site's future.
State park and environmental history
Before becoming the site of a major stadium, portions of Candlestick Point had a less glamorous past. The land served as a city garbage dump well into the mid-twentieth century, leaving a contaminated and degraded shoreline. Advocates worked for years to secure public access and environmental cleanup of the area. Candlestick Point State Recreation Area was established in 1977, making it one of the few urban state parks in California created specifically to reclaim industrial and waste land for public use.[8] Ongoing environmental remediation has addressed soil contamination and worked to restore tidal and shoreline habitat affected by decades of landfill and industrial activity. The park was later redesignated as Candlestick Point State Historic Park to reflect its association with the former stadium site.
Geography
Candlestick Point occupies approximately 123 acres of land and water, with the rocky point extending into San Francisco Bay as a natural promontory. The geography of the area reflects both natural formations and extensive human modification. The underlying geology consists primarily of Franciscan Complex rocks, including graywacke and metamorphic stone, which create the rocky outcrops characteristic of the point. Landfill operations over the past century expanded the effective footprint of the peninsula, creating flatter areas suitable for development while preserving some natural shoreline. The point's elevation ranges from sea level along the waterfront to roughly 100 feet above sea level in interior areas.
The climate reflects broader San Francisco Bay Area patterns: cool summers, mild winters, and persistent coastal winds, especially during afternoon hours. Bay waters near Candlestick Point remain cold year-round, typically between 50 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit, making swimming uncommon despite the shoreline's appeal. The wind conditions that made Candlestick Park so difficult for baseball players stem from the same geographic reality. The point's exposure to prevailing westerly winds, funneled and accelerated by surrounding topography, creates consistently strong afternoon gusts that have historically exceeded 40 miles per hour during summer months. Ecological habitats include tidal mudflats, rocky intertidal zones, and patches of native coastal scrub. The surrounding waters support crabs, fish, and migratory waterfowl, though habitat quality was degraded by industrial use and landfill history. Remediation work has partially restored the point's ecological function.[9]
The point sits at the northwestern edge of the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood, one of San Francisco's historically industrial southeastern districts. It's bordered to the north by Yosemite Slough and to the south by India Basin, with the broader Hunters Point Shipyard, a federal Superfund site currently undergoing environmental remediation and redevelopment, located nearby to the southeast.
Candlestick Point State Historic Park
Candlestick Point State Historic Park, managed by California State Parks, spans approximately 22 acres of bayfront land and serves as the primary public open space at the point. The park features walking and jogging paths, wildlife viewing platforms, and interpretive signage documenting both the natural history of the shoreline and the cultural history of the former stadium. Visitors can observe egrets, herons, cormorants, and migratory waterfowl, particularly during winter months when the bay's mudflats attract shorebirds in significant numbers.
The park's location along the San Francisco Bay Trail connects it to regional trail systems running around much of the bay's perimeter. Cycling, walking, and photography draw visitors who might not have come to this corner of the city during the stadium era. Public access to the waterfront here was a deliberate goal of the park's founders, who fought to reclaim what had been a degraded, restricted industrial shoreline. The park remains free to enter and open year-round, though facilities are limited compared to larger regional parks.[10]
Transit access
Transit access to Candlestick Point has long been a challenge, and it wasn't always this way. For much of the twentieth century, San Francisco operated a more extensive streetcar network than it does today. Several Muni lines that once served the southeastern neighborhoods were eliminated in the postwar decades as automobile infrastructure took priority, leaving Candlestick Point and the broader Bayview-Hunters Point district with comparatively limited transit options. Inadequate transit access was a persistent complaint during the Candlestick Park era, when tens of thousands of fans attempted to reach a remote waterfront stadium by car, creating severe traffic congestion on U.S. 101 and the local street grid before and after games.
Today, Muni service to the area remains limited compared to most of San Francisco. The nearest rapid transit is the T Third Street light rail line, which runs through the Bayview corridor but does not extend to Candlestick Point itself. Improved transit connectivity is a stated goal of the ongoing redevelopment plan, though specific capital commitments and timelines have not been fully secured as of 2025.
California's Senate Bill 79, which passed the State Senate and establishes minimum building heights near transit stations, has direct implications for how density and transit investment interact at Candlestick Point. The bill sets height requirements ranging from five to nine stories depending on proximity to transit and zone tier. Whether those provisions will accelerate housing construction or reshape the existing redevelopment framework for the Candlestick site is a question city planners and the developer are still working through.
Redevelopment
The former Candlestick Park site and surrounding land are the subject of one of San Francisco's largest and most closely watched redevelopment projects. The plan covers roughly 280 acres and calls for approximately 7,200 new housing units alongside parks, retail space, and community facilities. FivePoint Holdings is the primary private developer. The project has been in planning and approval stages for years, with San Francisco's Board of Supervisors most recently revising the redevelopment framework in late 2024 following negotiations over affordability requirements, community benefits, and development phasing.[11]
Still stalled. A decade after demolition of Candlestick Park, the site remains largely vacant, and community frustration over the pace of development has grown. The project has faced repeated delays tied to financing challenges, infrastructure costs, and disputes over affordability requirements. Supporters argue the development will bring much-needed housing and economic investment to a historically underserved neighborhood. Critics have raised concerns about displacement of existing residents, the pace and scale of change, and whether promised community benefits, including affordable units, local hiring provisions, and open space, will be delivered as planned.[12]
In 2025, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution to name streets in the planned Candlestick development after San Francisco sports legends, including former 49ers players, as a way of honoring the site's athletic history and building community identity in the new neighborhood.[13] The gesture was welcomed by many residents, though some advocates noted that naming streets is considerably easier than building the housing and amenities the site has promised for over a decade.
Access to the point is also the subject of current infrastructure work. Caltrans is conducting rehabilitation work on U.S. 101 at Hospital Curve, the stretch of freeway adjacent to Candlestick Point Recreation Area, including upgrades to median barriers and roadway features along that corridor.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. 101